References & Citations

Chapter 14: WA’s Political Lobbying & Donations Reform

1.      Elections Canada, Limits on Contributions – 2025 (Web page, 2025) <https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=pol&dir=lim&document=lim2025&lang=e>. Annotation: outlines federal contribution limits at CAD 1,750 annually for citizens/residents only; prohibits corporate, union, and foreign donations

2.      Canada Elections Act (SC 2000, c 9) <https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/e-2.01/>. Annotation: Section 363 (prohibits corporate, union, and foreign donations; restricts contributions to citizens/permanent residents)

3.      Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying of Canada, Interpretation Bulletin – Significant Part of Duties: Registration Threshold for Organizations and Corporations – July 2025 (Web page, 2025) <https://lobbycanada.gc.ca/en/rules/the-lobbying-act/advice-and-interpretation-lobbying-act/significant-part-of-duties-registration-threshold-for-organizations-and-corporations/>. Annotation: lowers the threshold from 32 hours per month to 8 hours in a rolling 4-week period, effective January 19, 2026; details implications for in-house lobbyists

4.      Lobbying Act (Canada) <https://lobbycanada.gc.ca/en/rules/the-lobbying-act/>. Annotation: details the five-year post-employment ban and lobbyist registration requirements

Ireland

5.      Standards in Public Office Commission (Ireland), 2024 General Election Guidelines for Candidates and Political Parties (Web page, 2024) <https://www.sipo.ie/en/collection/30d00-2024-general-election-guidelines/>. Annotation: covers donation caps, corporate donor rules, foreign/anonymous bans; applicable in 2025

6.      Standards in Public Office Commission (Ireland), Guidelines for Political Parties – Steps to be Taken Concerning Donations and Prohibited Donations (Web page, 2023) <https://assets.sipo.ie/media/283819/11286dbb-e208-4fd8-abd4-ef00c0b15127.pdf>. Annotation: confirmed no 2025 changes; outlines €1,000 candidate/€2,500 party caps, corporate registration, and foreign bans

7.      Regulation of Lobbying Act 2015 (Ireland) <https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2015/act/5/enacted/en/html>. Annotation: establishes mandatory lobbyist register, disclosure rules, and enforcement; enhanced with 2024 administrative sanctions

8.      Standards in Public Office Commission (Ireland), Annual Report 2024 under Regulation of Lobbying Act (Report, 2024) <https://www.lobbying.ie/>. Annotation: published June 2025; details compliance, returns within 21 days post-period, and penalties up to €25,000

OECD

9.      OECD, Recommendation of the Council on Transparency and Integrity in Lobbying and Influence (OECD/LEGAL/0379, revised May 2024) <https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0379>. Annotation: recommends disclosure of lobbying activities, foreign influence safeguards, and public registers

10.   OECD, Public Integrity Indicators: Regulatory Framework for Transparency in Lobbying, Conflict-of-Interest, and Political Finance (Web page) <https://oecd-public-integrity-indicators.org/indicators/1000097/subindicators/1000402>. Annotation: framework for assessing transparency; aligns with chapter's emphasis on real-time registers

United Nations

11.   United Nations, Convention Against Corruption (full text) <https://www.unodc.org/documents/brussels/UN_Convention_Against_Corruption.pdf>. Annotation: Article 7.3 emphasises measures to enhance transparency in political party funding

12.   Transparency International, UNCAC CoSP10 – Enhance Transparency of Political Finance (Web page, December 2023) <https://www.transparency.org/en/press/uncac-cosp10-enhance-transparency-of-political-finance>. Annotation: calls for global standards on donation disclosure and preventing undue influence under Article 7.3.